NDA Physics

🧭 NDA Physics Online Classes by Milan Sir

Join specially designed online classes for NDA Physics, covering NCERT + Objective + PYQs + Short Tricks.

📥 Syllabus:

📘 NDA Physics Syllabus (As per 2025–26) with Weightage & Importance 🌟

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🔹 1. Physical Properties and States of Matter ⭐⭐
📊 Approx. 3–4 Questions
– Mass and Weight
– Volume and Density
– Specific Gravity
– Change of State
– Latent Heat
– Evaporation

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🔹 2. Motion and Laws of Motion ⭐⭐⭐⭐
📊 Approx. 5–6 Questions
– Distance, Displacement
– Speed, Velocity, Acceleration
– Equations of Motion
– Newton’s Laws of Motion
– Momentum, Impulse

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🔹 3. Work, Energy and Power ⭐⭐⭐
📊 Approx. 3–4 Questions
– Work, Energy, Power
– Conservation of Energy
– Simple Machines

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🔹 4. Heat ⭐⭐
📊 Approx. 3 Questions
– Temperature, Thermometers
– Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation
– Thermal Expansion

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🔹 5. Sound ⭐
📊 Approx. 2–3 Questions
– Sound Waves
– Echo, Reflection
– Ultrasound, SONAR

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🔹 6. Light ⭐⭐⭐⭐
📊 Approx. 4–5 Questions
– Reflection, Refraction
– Lenses, Mirrors
– Dispersion
– Human Eye (Basics)

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🔹 7. Electricity and Magnetism ⭐⭐⭐⭐
📊 Approx. 4–6 Questions
– Current, Voltage, Resistance
– Ohm’s Law
– Series & Parallel Circuits
– Magnetic Effect of Current
– Electromagnetism

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🔹 8. General Principles ⭐
📊 Approx. 2 Questions
– Friction
– Gravitation
– Buoyancy
– Simple Pendulum

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✅ Final Tip for Students:

Focus on ⭐⭐⭐⭐ topics first. Then ⭐⭐⭐ and ⭐⭐⭐ at last.

🎯 Paper Details:

• Paper Name: General Ability Test (GAT)

• Total Questions in GAT: 150

• Physics Questions: Approx. 25

• Each Correct Answer: +4 marks

• Each Wrong Answer: –1.33 marks

• Time for GAT Paper: 2.5 Hours

Section	Level	Remarks
NCERT Class 9–10 Topics	🟢 Easy–Moderate	Concept-based, Direct facts
NCERT Class 11–12 (Basics)	🟡 Moderate	Numericals + Logic
Conceptual MCQs	🟠 Moderate–Tough	Laws, Definitions, Short Tricks
Numerical MCQs	🔴 Moderate–High	Units, Graphs, Simple Calculations

📌 Question Pattern in NDA Physics:

• 🔹 8–10 Questions – Theory based (definition, concept, laws)

• 🔹 6–8 Questions – Simple Numericals (formula-based)

• 🔹 4–5 Questions – Graphs, units, tricky MCQs

• 🔹 2–3 Questions – PYQ-type conceptual traps

🎓 Important Note for Students:

• 📚 NCERT Class 9–11 is your Bible

• 🧠 Questions test concept clarity, not formula mugging

• 📝 Solve PYQs regularly to understand twist-type questions

• ⏱ Time Management is key – avoid guess work due to negative marking

“NDA Physics में selection उन्हीं का होता है, जिनकी concepts strong और revision consistent होती है.”

– Milan Sir

📘 NDA Physics Notes – Chapter 1: Physical Quantities & Units

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🧷 1. Important Concepts & Definitions

• Physical Quantity: Any measurable quantity having a unit (e.g. length, mass, time).

• Fundamental Quantities: Cannot be derived from others. (7 total)
  Length, Mass, Time, Temperature, Electric Current, Luminous Intensity, Amount of Substance

• Derived Quantities: Formed by combining fundamental quantities
  (e.g. Velocity, Force, Work, Pressure)

• Plane Angle (θ):
  $$, unit: radian

• Solid Angle (Ω):
  $\Omega = \frac{A}{r^2}$, unit: steradian

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📏 2. SI Units Table (7 Fundamental Units)

Quantity	Symbol	SI Unit	Symbol
Length	L	metre	m
Mass	M	kilogram	kg
Time	T	second	s
Electric Current	I	ampere	A
Temperature	θ	kelvin	K
Luminous Intensity	Iv	candela	cd
Amount of Substance	n	mole	mol

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💡 3. Concept Highlights

• System of Units: CGS, MKS, FPS, SI

• Supplementary Units:

  • Plane angle (radian)

  • Solid angle (steradian)

• Commercial Unit of Energy:
  $1\text{ kWh}=3.6\times {10}^6\text{ J}$

• Dimensions Example:

  • Force → [M L T⁻²]

  • Energy → [M L² T⁻²]

  • Pressure → [M L⁻¹ T⁻²]

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🧮 4. Dimensional Formulas (Proper Order)

🟢 Fundamental Quantities

Quantity	Dimensional Formula
Length (L)	[L]
Mass (M)	[M]
Time (T)	[T]
Temperature (K)	[K]
Electric Current (I)	[I]
Amount of Substance	[mol]
Luminous Intensity	[cd]

🔵 Kinematics / Mechanics

Quantity	Dimensional Formula
Velocity	[L T⁻¹]
Acceleration	[L T⁻²]
Momentum	[M L T⁻¹]
Impulse	[M L T⁻¹]
Force	[M L T⁻²]
Pressure	[M L⁻¹ T⁻²]
Work / Energy / Heat	[M L² T⁻²]
Power	[M L² T⁻³]
Torque	[M L² T⁻²]
Density	[M L⁻³]

🟣 Waves & Oscillations

Quantity	Dimensional Formula
Frequency	[T⁻¹]
Angular Velocity	[T⁻¹]

🟡 Gravitation & Thermodynamics

Quantity	Dimensional Formula
Gravitational Constant (G)	[M⁻¹ L³ T⁻²]
Universal Gas Constant (R)	[M L² T⁻² K⁻¹ mol⁻¹]
Surface Tension	[M T⁻²]

🔴 Modern Physics & Electricity

Quantity	Dimensional Formula
Electric Charge (Q)	[T I]
Planck’s Constant (h)	[M L² T⁻¹]

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📝 5. NDA Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

Q1. [NDA 2020]
Which of the following is not a fundamental quantity?
(a) Mass
(b) Time
(c) Length
(d) Velocity ✅

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Q2. [NDA 2017]
What is the dimension of Power?
(a) [M L T⁻²]
(b) [M L² T⁻²]
(c) [M L² T⁻³] ✅
(d) [M L⁻¹ T⁻²]

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Q3. [NDA 2019]
Which among the following is not a correct SI unit?
(a) Newton for Force
(b) Watt for Power
(c) Pascal for Pressure
(d) Calorie for Energy ✅

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Q4. [NDA 2016]
The dimensional formula of Pressure is:
(a) [M L T⁻²]
(b) [M L⁻¹ T⁻²] ✅
(c) [M L² T⁻²]
(d) [M T²]

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Q5. [NDA 2018]
Which is the correct dimensional formula of Force?
(a) [M L T⁻¹]
(b) [M L² T⁻²]
(c) [M L T⁻²] ✅
(d) [M L⁻² T²]

📘 NDA Physics – Chapter 2: Motion in a Straight Line

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🧷 1. Key Concepts & Definitions

• Rest: If a body does not change its position w.r.t. time.

• Motion: Change in position with time.

• Frame of Reference: A system to measure the position and motion of an object.

• Point Object: Object whose size is negligible compared to the distance it moves.

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📏 2. Distance vs Displacement

Feature	Distance	Displacement
Type	Scalar	Vector
Value	Always positive or zero	Can be positive, negative or zero
Path	Actual path length	Shortest distance

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⚡ 3. Speed vs Velocity

Feature	Speed	Velocity
Type	Scalar	Vector
Formula	$\frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$	$\frac{\text{Displacement}}{\text{Time}}$
Direction	No	Yes

• Average Speed: Total Distance / Total Time

• Average Velocity: Total Displacement / Total Time

• Instantaneous Velocity: Velocity at a particular instant

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📉 4. Acceleration

• Definition: Rate of change of velocity
  $a = \frac{dv}{dt}$

• Positive Acceleration: Speed increases

• Negative Acceleration (Retardation): Speed decreases

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🔁 5. Equations of Motion (Uniform Acceleration)

1. $\mathrm{v }= \mathrm{u }+ a\mathrm{t }$

2. $\mathrm{s }= u\mathrm{t }+ \frac{\mathrm{1/}}{2}a{t}^{\mathrm{2 }}$

3. $v^{\mathrm{2 }}= u^{\mathrm{2 }}+ 2as$

Where:

• $u$: Initial velocity

• $v$: Final velocity

• $a$: Acceleration

• $s$: Displacement

• $t$: Time

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📊 6. Graphical Analysis

• Displacement–Time Graph:

  • Straight line → Constant velocity

  • Curve → Variable velocity

  • Slope = Velocity

• Velocity–Time Graph:

  • Slope = Acceleration

  • Area under curve = Displacement

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📍 7. Important Cases

• Body thrown vertically upward:

  • $v = u - gt$,

  • $h = ut - \frac{1}{2}gt^2$,

  • $v^2 = u^2 - 2gh$

• Body freely falling:

  • $v = gt$,

  • $h = \frac{1}{2}gt^2$,

  • $v^2 = 2gh$

Where $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$

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🔠 8. Units & Dimensions

Quantity	SI Unit	Dimensional Formula
Displacement	metre (m)	[L]
Velocity	m/s	[L T⁻¹]
Acceleration	m/s²	[L T⁻²]
Time	second	[T]

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🧮 9. NDA PYQs (5 Selected)

Q1. [NDA 2021]
A body with uniform acceleration has which velocity-time graph?
✅ (a) Straight line from origin.

Q2. [NDA 2020]
Area under velocity-time graph gives:
✅ (c) Displacement.

Q3. [NDA 2018]
Displacement of 10 m north then 10 m east is:
✅ (c) 14.14 m.

Q4. [NDA 2017]
If $u=0$, distance in time $t$?
✅ (b) $\frac{1}{2}at^2$

Q5. [NDA 2016]
Which is a vector quantity?
✅ (c) Displacement

📘 NDA Physics – Chapter 3: Laws of Motion

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🧷 1. Key Concepts & Definitions

• Force: An external push or pull that changes the state of rest or motion of a body.
  SI Unit: Newton (N)

• Inertia: Tendency of a body to resist change in its state.

  • Inertia of Rest

  • Inertia of Motion

  • Inertia of Direction

• Mass: Measure of inertia of a body.

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🧠 2. Newton’s Laws of Motion

🔹 First Law (Law of Inertia):

A body remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.

🔹 Second Law:

The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied force.
$F=ma$

🔹 Third Law:

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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📏 3. Momentum and Impulse

• Momentum (p): $p=mv$

• Impulse: Force × time = change in momentum
  $J = F \cdot \Delta t = \Delta p$

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🧮 4. Friction

• Friction: Resistance offered when two surfaces are in contact.
  Types:

  • Static Friction

  • Kinetic Friction

  • Rolling Friction

• Laws of Friction:

  • $f_{\text{max}} = \mu_s N$

  • $f_k = \mu_k N$

Where $\mu$ is the coefficient of friction and $N$ is the normal force.

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🪜 5. Free Body Diagram (FBD)

• Diagram showing all forces acting on a body.

• Used to apply Newton’s laws effectively.

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🧾 6. Tension, Normal Reaction, Pseudo Force

• Tension (T): Force transmitted through a string or rope.

• Normal Reaction (N): Perpendicular force by a surface.

• Pseudo Force: Apparent force in a non-inertial frame (e.g. in an accelerating lift).

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📊 7. Important Formulas

Concept	Formula
Force	$F=ma$
Momentum	$p=mv$
Impulse	$J=F\cdot \Delta t$
Frictional Force	$f=\mu N$
Weight	$W=mg$

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🔠 8. Units & Dimensions

Quantity	SI Unit	Dimension
Force	N	[M L T⁻²]
Momentum	kg·m/s	[M L T⁻¹]
Impulse	N·s	[M L T⁻¹]
Friction	N	[M L T⁻²]

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📝 9. NDA PYQs (5 Selected)

Q1. [NDA 2021]
Which of the following quantities is not a vector?
✅ (b) Mass

Q2. [NDA 2020]
Which law defines force as rate of change of momentum?
✅ (c) Newton’s Second Law

Q3. [NDA 2019]
A man of mass 60 kg stands on a weighing machine in an elevator accelerating upwards at 2 m/s². What will be the reading?
✅ (c) 720 N

Q4. [NDA 2017]
Which law explains why a gun recoils?
✅ (b) Newton’s Third Law

Q5. [NDA 2016]
Unit of impulse is:
✅ (a) N·s

📘 NDA Physics – Chapter 4: Work, Energy and Power

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🧷 1. Work

• Work is said to be done when a force is applied and there is displacement in the direction of the force.

Formula:
$W = \vec{F} \cdot \vec{d} = Fd \cos\theta$

• Positive Work: $0° \leq \theta < 90°$

• Negative Work: $90° < \theta \leq 180°$

• Zero Work: $\theta = 90°$

SI Unit: Joule
1 Joule: Work done when 1 N force displaces a body by 1 m.

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⚡ 2. Energy

• Energy: Capacity to do work

• Unit: Joule

• Types:

  • Kinetic Energy (KE): $KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$

  • Potential Energy (PE): $PE = mgh$

  • Mechanical Energy: $ME = KE + PE$ (conserved in absence of friction)

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🔁 3. Work-Energy Theorem

Statement: The net work done on a body is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
Formula:
$W = \Delta KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 - \frac{1}{2}mu^2$

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💡 4. Power

• Power: Rate of doing work
  $P = \frac{W}{t}$

• SI Unit: Watt (W)

• 1 Watt: When 1 joule of work is done in 1 second

• 1 kW = 1000 W

Horsepower (HP):
1 HP = 746 W

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🧮 5. Commercial Unit of Energy

• 1 kWh = 1000 × 60 × 60 = 3.6 × 10⁶ J
  Used by electricity companies.

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⚖️ 6. Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.
In an ideal system (no friction), mechanical energy is conserved.

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🔠 7. Units & Dimensions

Quantity	Unit	Dimension
Work/Energy	Joule	[M L² T⁻²]
Power	Watt	[M L² T⁻³]
Force	Newton	[M L T⁻²]

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📝 8. NDA PYQs (5 Selected)

Q1. [NDA 2021]
Which quantity has unit Joule?
✅ (c) Work

Q2. [NDA 2020]
If a body moves in a circular path, what is the work done by centripetal force?
✅ (d) Zero

Q3. [NDA 2018]
Kinetic energy of a body becomes 4 times. Its velocity becomes?
✅ (c) 2 times

Q4. [NDA 2017]
1 kWh =
✅ (b) $3.6 \times 10^6$ J

Q5. [NDA 2016]
The unit of power is:
✅ (a) Watt

📘 NDA Physics – Chapter 5: Heat

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🧷 1. Key Concepts

• Heat:
  It is a form of energy transferred due to temperature difference.
  SI Unit: Joule (J)

• Temperature:
  Degree of hotness or coldness of a body.
  SI Unit: Kelvin (K)

• Thermal Equilibrium:
  When two bodies in contact no longer exchange heat.

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🌡️ 2. Scales of Temperature

Scale	Freezing Point	Boiling Point
Celsius	0°C	100°C
Fahrenheit	32°F	212°F
Kelvin	273 K	373 K

🔁 Conversions:

• $C = \frac{5}{9}(F - 32)$

• $F = \frac{9}{5}C + 32$

• $K = C + 273$

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🔁 3. Modes of Heat Transfer

• Conduction: Through solids (molecule to molecule)

• Convection: In liquids & gases (by bulk motion)

• Radiation: Without medium (e.g. Sun to Earth)

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🧪 4. Specific Heat Capacity

• Amount of heat required to raise temperature of 1 kg by 1 K
  Formula:
  $Q = mc\Delta T$
  Where:
  $Q$ = heat,
  $m$ = mass,
  $c$ = specific heat,
  $\Delta T$ = change in temperature

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🧊 5. Calorimetry Principle

• Heat lost = Heat gained
  $m_1 c_1 (T_1 - T_f) = m_2 c_2 (T_f - T_2)$

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🔥 6. Change of State

• Latent Heat (L): Heat required to change state without temperature change

• $Q = mL$

Change	Heat Type
Solid → Liquid	Latent heat of fusion
Liquid → Gas	Latent heat of vaporization

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⚖️ 7. Thermal Expansion

• Linear Expansion: $\Delta L = L \alpha \Delta T$

• Areal Expansion: $\Delta A = A \beta \Delta T$

• Volumetric Expansion: $\Delta V = V \gamma \Delta T$

Where
$\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ are coefficients of expansion.

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🔬 8. Ideal Gas Equation PV= nRT

• Where
  $P=$ pressure,
  $V=$ volume,
  $n=$ moles,
  $R=$ universal gas constant,
  $T=$ temperature in Kelvin

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📐 9. Laws of Thermodynamics (Basics)

1. Zeroth Law: Basis of temperature measurement

2. First Law:
   $Q = \Delta U + W$ (Heat = internal energy + work)

3. Second Law: Heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold body.

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🧾 10. Units & Dimensions

Quantity	Unit	Dimension
Heat / Energy	Joule	[M L² T⁻²]
Specific Heat (c)	J/kg·K	[L² T⁻² θ⁻¹]
Temperature	Kelvin	[K]
Latent Heat	J/kg	[L² T⁻²]

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📝 11. NDA PYQs (5 Selected)

Q1. [NDA 2021]
What is the SI unit of specific heat?
✅ (b) J/kg·K

Q2. [NDA 2020]
Which mode of heat transfer does not require a medium?
✅ (c) Radiation

Q3. [NDA 2019]
273 K equals:
✅ (a) 0°C

Q4. [NDA 2017]
Which law is used for heat exchange in calorimetry?
✅ (d) Heat lost = Heat gained

Q5. [NDA 2016]
Which law relates pressure, volume, and temperature?
✅ (c) Ideal Gas Equation