Class 11 Physics – VECTORS (Complete Notes)
Class 11 Physics Notes
This booklet is part of Physics Smart Booklet by SaralPhysics. It contains theory, NCERT MCQs, topic-wise practice questions and NEET PYQs.
Disclaimer & Copyright
This educational material is curated by SaralPhysics for academic learning. It is not affiliated with CBSE, NCERT or any examination board.
Redistribution, resale or reproduction of this content without permission is prohibited. Students should refer NCERT as primary source.
Physics Smart Booklet – VECTORS
This chapter covers:
- Theory of Vectors
- NCERT MCQs
- Topic-wise Practice Questions
- NEET Previous Year Questions
Scalar and Vector
Scalar Quantity
A physical quantity which has only magnitude but no direction is called a scalar quantity.
Examples: Mass, time, volume, distance, speed
Vector Quantity
A physical quantity which has magnitude and direction and follows vector addition rules.
Examples: Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force
Note: Every quantity having magnitude and direction is not a vector (e.g. electric current).
Representation of a Vector
A vector is represented by a directed line segment:
- Length → Magnitude
- Arrow → Direction
Equal Vectors
Two vectors having same magnitude and same direction are equal vectors.
Negative of a Vector
Two vectors having same magnitude but opposite directions are negatives of each other.
Null Vector & Unit Vector
Null Vector
A vector whose magnitude is zero is called a null (zero) vector. Its direction is indeterminate.
Unit Vector
A vector having magnitude equal to 1 is called a unit vector.
Unit vectors along x, y, z axes are represented by รฎ, ฤต, k̂.
Position and Displacement Vector
Position Vector
Displacement Vector
If position vectors are r₁ and r₂, then displacement:
Addition of Vectors
Triangle Law of Vector Addition
If two vectors represent two sides of a triangle taken in order, then the third side taken in reverse order represents the resultant.
Parallelogram Law
Special Cases of Vector Addition
- If ฮธ = 0°, R = P + Q
- If ฮธ = 180°, R = |P − Q|
- If ฮธ = 90°, R = √(P² + Q²)
Resolution of a Vector
Rectangular Components
Ay = A sinฮธ
Resolution is splitting a vector into perpendicular components.
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